ansibleguy.infra_mariadb

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Ansible角色 - MariaDB数据库 - 多实例

Ansible角色用于在Linux服务器上部署一个或多个MariaDB实例。

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Molecule日志: 简短, 完整

已测试:

  • Debian 11

安装

# 最新版本
ansible-galaxy role install git+https://github.com/ansibleguy/infra_mariadb

# 通过galaxy安装
ansible-galaxy install ansibleguy.infra_mariadb

# 或指定自定义角色路径
ansible-galaxy install ansibleguy.infra_mariadb --roles-path ./roles

# 安装依赖项
ansible-galaxy install -r requirements.yml

使用

想要一个简单的Ansible图形用户界面吗?看看我的Ansible WebUI

配置

您需要通过配置'mariadb'字典来定义实例!

mariadb:
  service:
    SyslogIdentifier: 'mariadb_ag_%I'  # %I = 实例键
    
  instances:
    api:
      root_pwd: !vault |
        $ANSIBLE_VAULT;1.1;AES256
        64373031333937633163366236663237623464336461613334343739323763373330393930666331
        3333663262346337636536383539303834373733326631310a393865653831663238383937626238
        35396531316338373030353530663465343838373635363633613035356338353366373231343264
        3437356663383466630a666161363163346533333139656566386466383733646134616166376638
        35313765356134396130333439663461353336313230366338646165376666313232

      dbs:
        api:
          encoding: 'utf8mb4'

        templates:
        deprecated:
          state: 'absent'
      
      users:
        app:
          priv: 'api.*:ALL'
          pwd: !vault ...
        guy:
          priv: 'api.*:SELECT,SHOW VIEW'
          state: 'absent'
          pwd: !vault ...

      settings:
        # port: 3306
        innodb_log_file_size: 5G
        max_connections: 2000

      backup:
        enabled: true
        dbs: ['api']
        time: '*-*-* 01:00'
        # 有关日期时间格式,请参阅:
        #   https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Systemd/Timers
        #   https://silentlad.com/systemd-timers-oncalendar-(cron)-format-explained
        creds:
          create: true

    test:
      ansible_user: 'not_root'
      ansible_pwd: !vault ...
      dbs:
        test:
          
      users:
        dummy:
          priv: 'test.*:ALL'
          pwd: !vault ...
          update_pwd: 'always'  # 否则仅在创建时设置密码;始终更改密码可能会对活动活动复制造成问题

      settings:
        port: 3307
        log_warnings: 4
        long_query_time: 2
        max_allowed_packet: 2G

    old_instance:
      state: 'absent'

您可能想使用'ansible-vault'来加密密码:

ansible-vault encrypt_string

执行

运行playbook:

ansible-playbook -K -D -i inventory/hosts.yml playbook.yml --ask-vault-pass

还有一些有用的标签可用:

  • base => 仅配置基本内容;实例不会被触及
  • instances
  • config => 配置(基础和实例)
  • dbs
  • backup => 实例备份任务
  • users

要调试错误,您可以在运行时设置'debug'变量:

ansible-playbook -K -D -i inventory/hosts.yml playbook.yml -e debug=yes

功能

  • 软件包安装

    • Ansible依赖(_最小_)
    • MariaDB
  • 配置

    • 多个MariaDB实例

    • 数据库和用户的创建/删除

    • 支持多个实例的启动检查脚本

    • 默认选项:

      • 运行安全安装任务
      • 降低可交换性
      • 增加打开文件限制(_sysctl,服务,db_)
    • 默认不选项:

      • 数据库备份任务
    • 默认配置:

      • 实例数据目录:"/var/lib/mysql/instance_${KEY}/"
      • 实例配置:"/etc/mysql/instance.conf.d/server_${KEY}.cnf"
      • 服务失败时重启
      • 日志记录到syslog
      • 仅绑定到localhost
      • SSL关闭
      • 慢查询日志
      • InnoDB每表文件
      • 禁用数据库DNS查找
      • 有关更多信息,请查看下面的示例

信息

  • 警告: 此角色期望目标系统上的默认mariadb/mysql实例(_mysql.service/mariadb.service_)不被使用!
    通过运行此角色,它的套接字和端口已更改

  • 警告: 如果您在活动-活动配置中运行数据库服务器,您绝对不要在两个节点上同时运行此角色!
    否则用户/数据库创建任务可能会打破您的同步!

  • 注意: 此角色当前仅支持基于Debian的系统

  • 注意: 角色的大多数功能可以选择启用或禁用。

    有关所有可用选项,请参见主默认文件中的默认配置!

  • 注意: 我们使用官方社区模块进行数据库用户配置。复制支持可能会稍后添加。

  • 注意: 证书管理可能会稍后添加到此角色。
    目前,您需要手动提供证书(_放置在/etc/mysql/ssl/{INSTANCE_KEY}/[ca|cert|key].pem_)。

  • 注意: 您需要提供mysql用户权限,必须与SHOW GRANT语句的返回值完全一致!

  • 提示: 如果您明确挂载数据目录,请应设置某些挂载选项以优化性能:

    • noatime,nodiratime
  • 警告: 当启用'skip-name-resolve'时,通过TCP/IP连接到localhost/127.0.0.1将默认不工作!

    这将抛出此错误: 主机'127.0.0.1'不被允许连接到此MariaDB服务器


示例

配置

mariadb:
  instances:
    guydb:
      root_pwd: !vault ...

      dbs:
        nice:
        memes:

      users:
        django:
          priv: 'backup.creds.defaults_file is not nonmemes.*:ALL'
          pwd: !vault ...
        backup:
          priv: '*.*:SELECT,RELOAD,PROCESS,LOCK TABLES,BINLOG MONITOR,SHOW VIEW,EVENT,TRIGGER'
          pwd: !vault ...

结果:

# 配置目录
guy@ansible:~# tree /etc/mysql
> /etc/mysql/
> ├── conf.d
> │   ├── mysql.cnf
> │   └── mysqldump.cnf
> ├── debian.cnf
> ├── debian-start  # 默认实例启动脚本
> ├── debian-start-instance.sh  # 多实例启动脚本
> ├── instance.conf.d  # 实例配置
> │   ├── client_guydb_startup-checks.cnf  # 启动检查服务用户的登录数据
> │   └── server_guydb.cnf  # 实例服务器配置
> ├── mariadb.cnf  # 默认实例配置
> ├── mariadb.conf.d
> ├── my.cnf -> /etc/alternatives/my.cnf
> └── my.cnf.fallback

# 数据目录
guy@ansible:~# tree /var/lib/mysql
> /var/lib/mysql/
> ├── default
> │  └── ...  # mysql默认实例
> │
> ├── instance_guydb
> │  └── ...  # 配置的实例
> │
> └── ...  # 默认文件 => 不会自动清理

# 实例配置文件
guy@ansible:~# cat /etc/mysql/instance.conf.d/server_guydb.cnf 
> # Ansible管理
> [mysqld]
> datadir = /var/lib/mysql/instance_guydb
> basedir = /usr
> pid-file = /run/mysqld/mysqld_guydb.pid
> socket = /run/mysqld/mysqld_guydb.sock
> lc_messages_dir = /usr/share/mysql
> 
> # 设置
> user = mysql
> group = mysql
> bind_address = 127.0.0.1
> port = 3306
> log_warnings = 2
> character-set-server = utf8mb4
> collation-server = utf8mb4_general_ci
> innodb_file_per_table = 1
> innodb_buffer_pool_size = 512M
> innodb_log_file_size = 1GB
> max_allowed_packet = 512M
> max_connections = 500
> query_cache_size = 64M
> tmp_table_size = 64M
> max_heap_table_size = 64M
> slow-query-log = 1
> slow-query-log-file = slow-queries.log
> long_query_time = 1
> wait_timeout = 60
> symbolic-links = 0
> local-infile = 0
> open_files_limit = 1048576

# 服务配置
guy@ansible:~# cat /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]/override.conf 
> # Ansible管理
> 
> [Unit]
> ConditionPathExists=/etc/mysql/instance.conf.d/server_%I.cnf
> ConditionPathExists=/etc/mysql/debian-start-instance.sh
> ConditionPathExists=/etc/mysql/instance.conf.d/client_%I_startup-checks.cnf
> Documentation=https://github.com/ansibleguy/infra_mariadb
> 
> [Service]
> Environment='MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE=--defaults-file=/etc/mysql/instance.conf.d/server_%I.cnf --defaults-group-suffix=.%I'
> ExecStartPost=
> ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start-instance.sh %I
> 
> LimitNOFILE=1048576
> StandardOutput=journal
> StandardError=journal
> SyslogIdentifier=mariadb_%I
> TimeoutStartSec=900
> TimeoutStopSec=900
> Restart=on-abort
> RestartSec=5s
> OOMScoreAdjust=-600
> BlockIOWeight=1000

# 服务状态
guy@ansible:~# systemctl status [email protected] 
> ● [email protected] - MariaDB 10.5.12数据库服务器(多实例guydb)
>      Loaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/[email protected]; enabled; vendor preset: enabled)
>     Drop-In: /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]
>              └─override.conf
>      Active: active (running)
>        Docs: man:mariadbd(8)
>              https://mariadb.com/kb/en/library/systemd/
>              https://github.com/ansibleguy/infra_mariadb
>     Process: 134872 ExecStartPre=/usr/bin/mysql_install_db $MYSQLD_MULTI_INSTANCE (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
>     Process: 134910 ExecStartPost=/etc/mysql/debian-start-instance.sh guydb (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
>      Status: "可以开始处理您的SQL请求了..."
>      CGroup: /system.slice/system-mariadb.slice/[email protected]
>              └─134898 /usr/sbin/mariadbd --defaults-file=/etc/mysql/instance.conf.d/server_guydb.cnf --defaults-group-suffix=.guydb

# 数据库
guy@ansible:~# mysql --socket=/run/mysql/mysqld_guydb.sock -p -e "show databases;"
> +--------------------+
> | 数据库           |
> +--------------------+
> | nice               |
> | memes              |
> | information_schema |
> | mysql              |
> | performance_schema |
> +--------------------+

# mysql用户
guy@ansible:~# mysql --socket=/run/mysql/mysqld_guydb.sock -p -e "select user, host from mysql.user;"
> +------------------------+-----------+
> | 用户                   | 主机      |
> +------------------------+-----------+
> | backup                 | localhost |
> | django                 | localhost |
> | mariadb.sys            | localhost |  # 启动脚本所需的服务用户(升级任务等)
> | mariadb_startup_checks | localhost |  
> | mysql                  | localhost |
> | root                   | localhost |
> +------------------------+-----------+

# mysql权限
guy@ansible:~# mysql --socket=/run/mysql/mysqld_guydb.sock -p -e "show grants for django@localhost;"
> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
> | django@localhost的权限                                                   |
> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
> | GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO `django`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'XXXX'  |
> | GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `memes`.* TO `django`@`localhost`                 |
> +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+

guy@ansible:~# mysql --socket=/run/mysql/mysqld_guydb.sock -p -e "show grants for backup@localhost;"
> +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
> | backup@localhost的权限                                                                         |
> +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
> | GRANT SELECT, RELOAD, PROCESS, LOCK TABLES, BINLOG MONITOR, SHOW VIEW, EVENT, TRIGGER ON *.*   |
> | TO `backup`@`localhost` IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD 'XXXX'                                          |
> +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
关于项目

Role to deploy one or multiple MariaDB instances on a linux server

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